2.
  -2021
..  
 
(    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-A
1. ()          
()       : , , - 
2. ()       : ,   
()          
-
3. -       :  , 
,   
4. () -  -       ?
() -          :
(i)   
(ii)   
2.
-
5. MS-PowerPoint    ? MS-PowerPoint      
 -    
6.       '  :
(a)    
()  
(c)  
-
7. ()          ?  
() 
    
    ?
8. MS-Excel     '   ?
(a)    
()   
(c) - 
(d)  
2.
  -2021
..  
 
(    )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. ()          
()       : , , - 
: 1(a)          
󻰿󻱀󻱁󻱂󷽳󻱃󼋥󻱅󼋦󻱆󻱇󼋧󼋨󻱈󻱉󻱊󼋩󻱋󻱌󻱍󼋪󼋫󼋬󼋭󻱎󻱏󻱐󻱑󻱒󻱓󻱔󻱕󻱖󼋮     :   
         ,        
                  
,        ,      -     !
    -          
   
    :
2.
󼨐󼨑󼨒1.    (CPU):   
CPU             
          ,   CPU  
    
            
   ,     ,     
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
    
     
     
󼨻󼨼CPU  -:
1. ALU (  )-   -    
2.  ( )-  -         
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:   “2 + 2”      
 ,  ALU    
  “4”  
󹲨󹲭󹲩󹲪󹲫󹲬2.  (  ):   
a) RAM (  ):    
      
  '   
                 ' - 
    !
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
  '     
CPU         
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:     ,             
  
b)  (   ):  -
ROM            
2.
       
      
  
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
     (    )
    ,    
 
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:      ,  ROM       
         
󹲣󹲤󹲥󹲦󹲧3.  :  
         , ,   
  
a)    (HDD) /    (SSD)
     
HDD       ,   SSD      - 
 
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
   '   
      
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:    
 ,   HDD  SSD     - 
    ,    
󼼈󼼉4.  : 
     
         
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  :
 -   
 -   
 -      
 -    
2.
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:             

      CPU  
 
󺂌󺂍󺂎󺂏󺂐5.  :   
              ' 
 ,               
 !
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  :
 -  
  (  )
 -  '   
 -  
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:      ,   '     
   ,        
󹸪󹸫󹸬6. :   
                 
          
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
CPU, , , -   
  
          
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:     ,    
CPU  
󹸧󹸩󹸨7.    (PSU): 
       
  PSU     
 
 
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
         
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:          
 ,  PSU 
      
󷆰8.   : 
2.
               

󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:
USB  -   
HDMI  -   
LAN  -   
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘:   USB  
       
   
󼪺󼪻 



  ,     

    

    
 (HDD/SSD)
   '   
 
     (  , )
 
  ( , , )

    
  
      

      
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 
                -
            CPU ,   RAM , 
   ,           
     
   ,  :     
, 
         !
2.
()       : , , - 
: ()       : , OMR, - 
󷗐󷗑󷗒󷗓󷗔󷗕󷗖󷗗󷗘󷗙󷗚:    
           ,  9
 
              ,
 ,      
    :
",      
      , 
   
  '   ! 
        
      - , OMR,  - "
  ,  -           ...
󺂙󺂚1.  -  
           '        
 -
    ,           
       
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   :
    
   '    
 
     '  , ,      
 
󼿝󼿞󼿟 :
 
  '  
 ,         
         '    
     :
1.   -            
  (
    )
2.   -   ( )    
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬  
:
   (GUI)     
 
2.

             
󼪺󼪻2. OMR  
    : OMR,      
    , " 
    -  
      ?"
    
 
"  OMR      ,"   
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   :
     '         
  , ,       
󼿝󼿞󼿟 :
OMR         
      ,          
            
󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡   :
NEET, JEE,        OMR   
 
OMR             
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬  
:
 
  -      
 
  -    
 -       
󷵌󷵍󷵎󷵏󷵐󷵑3. -  -   
,          
,       
          
 -    
2.
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   :
         
  , ,        
󼿝󼿞󼿟    :
          
        
         (AI)  
     
󷩦󷩧󷩨󷩩󷩪󷩫󷩬󷩭󷩮    ?
          
-  ,           
 
-             

  (      )    
  
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 
  :
   -     
      ,        

 ,          
󷕘󷕙󷕚   -      !

 
   
 
󺂙󺂚
 
 , 
    
  

󼪺󼪻...

 
   
,

󷵌󷵍󷵎󷵏󷵐󷵑-

   
 
, ,
 
2.
󼨐󼨑󼨒   :
M  =  
 O OMR =    V   =
  
  ""   , , !
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈
   ,           
 -
  ,    ,        
     
   - , OMR,  -  -  
    
   , 
  
    ,       
       ,  " "    ,
         !
2. ()       : ,   
()          
:󷗐󷗑󷗒󷗓󷗔󷗕󷗖󷗗󷗘󷗙󷗚     ...
    ,           
      ,      ,     
       -    '     
  
 ,                
     
             :
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹
󺂑󺂒󺂓󺂔󺂕󺂖󺂗󺂘
󺁤󺁥󺁦󺁧󺁨
              
""     
2.
󺂌󺂍󺂎󺂏󺂐1.  -  
          
         
      
 '   ,      
       
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  ?
       ' , ,     
              
 
:
  ,
 ,
  ,
 MS Word   ...
             
󼨐󼨑󼨒-  :
    
            
 

    -       
   ?      -
        
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀  :
 (  )- ,       
LCD (  )-     , - 
LED (   )-  ,     

2.
 -        
    ,              


󺂑󺂒󺂓󺂔󺂕󺂖󺂗󺂘2.  -   
  ,            
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   ?
          '    -  
   
  :
  ,
  ,
   ...
            ' 
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒-  :
   '            
  ,             
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀  :
1.  
o  '   -   
o    
o        
2.  
o        
o     
o       
3.  
o          
 
2.
o -    ,      (   )
   
4.  
o       
o  ,      
     -           

󺁤󺁥󺁦󺁧󺁨3.  -  
  ,   -     
     ' 
 ,        ,
        ,      
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   ?
           '  
    
 '        
󼨐󼨑󼨒-  :
              
              
     
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀  :
1.  
o             - 
 
2.  
o   ,      
    
,          !
󷑢󷑣󷑤󷑥      
     :
  
         ,    
2.
              
 ,           

     
           
   ' (),   ' (),    ' ()
()          
:     ...
      - , , ,    -   
             
         ,       
          "     
?"  
 ,               
 "   ,"  , "      
        
  -    !"
  -        !
󷕒󷕓󷕔󷕕󷕖󷕗1. USB   ( ) - -  
           
","  , " USB         "
    "     !"
","   , "        "
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 USB    ?
 USB    ,         
        USB  (  ) 
,
,      
  ,           
󽄻󽄼󽄽 :
2.
   -          '   
   
-    
        
-- -   USB   ,      
  -  2GB    1TB 
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳      (  )
   : "   
      
         ,     ,  
       
!"
     "   !        
  !"
󹲮󹲰󹲱2. / -      (   )
,              
      
","  , "   , 
      
 "
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷    ?
     
          
    ,   ,  , , ,  
        

 CD/DVD           '   
 
󽄻󽄼󽄽 :
  700MB     
 4.7GB (-)        
  
      (CD-R/DVD-R)    (CD-RW/DVD-RW)
2.
       
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳      (    )
"       ,"   , "
, ,   
               '   
 !"
              
    !
   
󺮛󺮗󺮜󺮝󺮗󺮘󺮙󺮚󺮞󺮟  "" 
  ?
    , "
  
 ?"
 : "
 
            
        '    
    
 
 "
-
3. -       :  , 
,   
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹:        

    ,     ,          
   -          
   ,        : ",
             , 
,        "
     MS Word           

  ,          
                !
󼨻󼨼1.   -      
2.
       -      Insert > Table
'    5   4     !      , 
-    
    
 ,       
  '  ,  " "       
  :
 -     
 -           
 -     ,     

 ""       :
       
    
    
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  : “  ,        
            
󹸯󹸭󹸮2.   -     
 !
,            -    
 ,      
           
" 
!    ,"  
   ' -          , 
  
  >             
             
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   : "             
        
 !"
󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷3.  -     
2.
      "    "    ,  
       
  >  (       ) ' 
  :
  -    
         :
o   (    )  
o    (     )
o    
  >   '              
      
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  : “         
         !”
󺁮󺁯󺁰4.  -     
    ,           
     
    ,   :
 >  (  )
          
   :
     
  
     
 
  ,      
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :"             !"
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬   
     ,      :
 -,       ,
2.
   
,
      ,
          !
    ,     :
"

,






-






!"
4. () -  -       ?
:󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬  '        !
    ,     ,         
          ,   
                 
       ,        
          45 -     , 
 , "      !"
    , ,      ,    ,
",    45     
  MS Word  Mail Merge 
  !"
󹨹󹨺󹨻   ?
              (
  )    (      )     
, ,      
  : 
           ,   
   
    "  ,   --       
  !"
,     ,     
󷃆󼽢        
2.
󹻂 1:        
,            
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍:
 [],  15             
  [ ]      !
                  

󹻂 2: ""  ' 
    ' ""  ' 
,       '       
       "Start Mail Merge" '    "Step-by-Step
Mail Merge Wizard" 
    
 
󹻂 3:    
   , "
   ?"
   :





    
      
    '  
󹻂 4:   
, 
Word    
    
  3  :
2.
  (  )   ,
    ,
    
  “Use the current document”    '  
󹻂 5:  ( )   
    
 
             
:
   ( )   
   
 
  
     
,     
    
    ,    :
 



  " "      .mdb  ( )    
 
󹻂 6:    
     !
          ,    "
 " 
 :
      
       
2.
      :
 <<First_Name>>,             
<<Roll_Number>>    !
󹻂 7:     
             
   "  " '  
  :
 ,   ...
       :
 ,     ...
    !
󹻂 8:   
       ,   "  " '   
:
        

      
    
 
    ,   ,     
 !󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹    
?
1.         
2.        
 
3.   -  
4.   :
o     
2.
o   
o  
o    
() -          :
(i)   
(ii)   
:     ,          

       :
"          -,   
!"
          ,      
 
  -  , -         
  ,       
   , "  ,         

            "
󽄻󽄼󽄽(i)    -  - 
                -  
  ?  ?  ?  ?      

    MS Word   File → New '  
", 
,"   "          
    "
󷽰󷽱󸚌󷽲󷽳󷽴󷽵󷽶󸚍󷽷󸚎󸚏󷽸󷽹󸚐󷽺󷽻󸚑󸚒󷽼󷽽󷽾󷽿󷾀󷾁󷾂󷾃󷾄󷾅󷾆󷾇󷾈󷾉󸚓:
              
 
               
,         !
2.
󷿶󷿷󷿸󷿹󷿺󸚾󷻱󷿼󸚿󷿾󸛀󷻴󷿑󸛁󸛂󷾴󷾸󸛃󷿿󷾵󸛄󷾶󸛅󸀀󸛆󸛇󷾷󸛈󷾹󸀁󸀂 :
       ,      , 
,  -     -        
 !
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈   
  :





󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨 ,           --
             ?”   

   ?” —       '  
      ,       
   ,   --        
       
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬    :
  - 
   

  -     - 
   - , ,   
      ,          

"     
,"        , " 
  -      !"
󼪺󼪻(ii)    -     
   
       ', 
     
           
   -    
  
2.
󷽰󷽱󸚌󷽲󷽳󷽴󷽵󷽶󸚍󷽷󸚎󸚏󷽸󷽹󸚐󷽺󷽻󸚑󸚒󷽼󷽽󷽾󷽿󷾀󷾁󷾂󷾃󷾄󷾅󷾆󷾇󷾈󷾉󸚓:
         '  ,       

      :
 
 
  


󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤    :
    ' -    :
   


-

.



         '    ,     
 :       
            !
󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧       :
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳 :
       
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼 :   , ,    /  
 
󹲽󹲾󹲿󹳀󹳁󹳂󹳃󹳈󹳄󹳅󹳆󹳇 :      /  
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨   :

   "  "      ' -  
 

/    ,  ,      (  )  
 
     ,    
 
2.
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   
,           ,     

  , "!  , ,          !"
            
  
   , ,      , 
 
              
-
5. MS-PowerPoint    ? MS-PowerPoint      
 -    
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  
   ...
    ,     ,         
         -        
  , "        ,"   
  
  ,   , ,          
   -    , "  !   
     
  !"
     '            
 ,       -- !
󹲙󹲚󹲛󹲜󹲝󹲞   ?
           
     , , ,      
     
  :
         (    )  
 
,              
 
2.
    ,   ,   ,      
,       
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒    ( 
 )
󷕘󷕙󷕚 :
      
      
     
󹲟󹲠󹲡󹲢 :
      
       
,       
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 :
     
       
     !
󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷,           !
󼮹󼮺󼮻󼮼󼮽󼮾      -- 
 1:   
     '         
'  
                
    
 2:  / 
     
      '   
    
2.
              
   
󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷      
 
 3:      
        "
" '  
 : - "  '   "
 :    
 :         
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨      - 
    ,  

 4:    
   ,  ""  '  ,  :
    
       
     
󷖥󷖦󷖩󷖧󷖨             

 5:      
  ""  '        :
-   
     
""            
󽄻󽄼󽄽         
 6:    
        
        ""
             
2.
 ,  ,   '           
󹳬󹳭󹳮󹳯󹳰󹳳󹳱󹳲  =  !
 7:     
        "  "  
              
""     -     
 8:    
  ,       ,   ,   
 " " '  
     ,      ,  
,        
6.       '  :
(a)    
()  
(c)  
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹:     
   
            
   ( ),   (),  ( ), 
      (  )  
  ,  
        ,  
   ' 
   - 
        
      , ,      

   
   ,       :
1. -   
2.   ( !)
2.
3.   ( )
,      ,    
󷗛󷗜(a)       
       
󼏨󼏩󼏪󼏫󼏬󷸓󼏭󼏮󷸕󼏯󷸖󼏰󼏱󼏲󼏳󼏴  -  
               
               
    - ""    '       
 
       -     ,    '
        
        '    -   
   ,   ,        ,  
           
  -  
󽄻󽄼󽄽1.  
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
PowerPoint              
 ,          
 
, 
          
,       (   )
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :       ,     
       -      
󽄻󽄼󽄽2.   
󹴖󹴗󹴘󹴙󹴚󹴛      ( )    
 

           
        
2.
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :   ,       
              
󽄻󽄼󽄽3.   
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳       
  (   
)
           ,    

 
             
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :          '     
   
󽄻󽄼󽄽4.   
󷗐󷗑󷗒󷗓󷗔󷗕󷗖󷗗󷗘󷗙󷗚    
- 
 , ,           
  
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :           
   
󽄻󽄼󽄽5.  
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍      
      
   '       
       
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :             
     ,     
󽄻󽄼󽄽6.   
🗒 
         
     '   
     
2.
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  :             
 
󽄻󽄼󽄽  -    
 

 
 
    
  
 
   
- 
  
      
 
  
-  
 
 
- 
 
  
     
 + 
󷖥󷖦󷖩󷖧󷖨()  
   
   ,   
    
 
      
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹    
                
        , F5 
 ,   
       
              
󷗐󷗑󷗒󷗓󷗔󷗕󷗖󷗗󷗘󷗙󷗚   ?
   -    
  -   
   
  , ,     
     
     
2.
    ?
1. F5  -      
2. Shift + F5  -      
3.  '    '   " "  "  " '  
󷃆󹸃󹸄    
 , 
   :
  '     /  /   
     /  
     Esc 
 , ,       (-  
)
󼨐󼨑󼨒       
             
      
            
           
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀   
1.     - 
   
  (  )
   
2.   -          
    
  '   
 
3.   -          
( 
) 
2.
󺂑󺂒󺂓󺂔󺂕󺂖󺂗󺂘(c)  
    ,     , "    
     "
            
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼
      ?
1.     -    
2.  -   '   (2, 3, 6,  9)
3.   -         
 
4. -  -   ,   
󺂑󺂒󺂓󺂔󺂕󺂖󺂗󺂘    
1.   '  
2.  
3.   ,      :
o 
o 
o  
o 
4.    
5.  '  
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    
   (  3 ) -        
     
         
            
2.
󼪺󼪻 
 ?
  -     
            
-        
 
          
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍  

   
    
 

 -  

 
, , 
 
-  
    
  
 
 -  
 
 ,  ,
 
󷕘󷕙󷕚 -  ,  
     
,        
,      
        
      
    
        
 
   
         
          
2.
-
7. ()          ?  
() 
    
    ?
: 7 ()          ?  
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹   ...
     ,           
          ,    
  :
" ,         50       -
           "
  ,   ,  , "    
!"
  **        -       
   
    !
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨       ?
 , 
   SUM()          
      
       
        
    :
"     ,      ,    
 "
     :
    ,
     ,
       ,     
󼨐󼨑󼨒      
2.
    A2  A11            :
  ,
       ,
     ' ""  ""     
 ,        :
=IF(ROUND((A2:A11), 0) >= 40, "", "")
  :
1.  (A2:A11) →      
2. (..., 0) →        
3. (... >= 40, "", "") →      40     , 
""   , 
 ""
  ,   (IF, ROUND,  AVERAGE)          
     
󼿝󼿞󼿟      (-- )
 
       :
1. Innermost     (    AVERAGE)
2.     (ROUND)    
3. ,     (IF)   ,    
     :

   ( ),
      ( ),
 ,    ( )
󽄻󽄼󽄽- :    
             
    :

 1
 2
 3
2.

45
60
55

90
92
88

30
25
28
    :
  
 
 2     
   ' "", "",  "" 
       :
=IF(ROUND(AVERAGE(B2:D2),2)>=75,"",IF(ROUND(AVERAGE(B2:D2),2)>=40,"","
"))
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾    :
1. AVERAGE(B2:D2) → 3        
2. ROUND(...,2) →  2      
3. IF(...,"",...) →        ≥ 75 
4. IF(...,"","") →  
,       ≥ 40   
5.    : "", "",  ""
       ,       
󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧     
?
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :       !
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   :

    
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :  (  , ,  )  

󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :    ,       
󹺊       
󹳸󹳺󹳹 1:     
2.
=((A1))
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾TRIM(A1)      
 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾PROPER(...) “     
󹳸󹳺󹳹 2:    
=((), "dddd, dd-mmm-yyyy")
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾TODAY()     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾TEXT(...,"format")   : “, 30--2025”
󹳸󹳺󹳹 3:    
=" : "&SUM(B2:B6)
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾         
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 :    
    ,         -,
              
  !
" 
   ,"    , "
  
      "
  :
SUM   , IF   ,
, 
, VLOOKUP,           
 
8. MS-Excel     '   ?
(a)    
()   
(c) - 
(d)  
: 󷗐󷗑󷗒󷗓󷗔󷗕󷗖󷗗󷗘󷗙󷗚       -  
2.
    ,       ,        
        
,      
    ,     MS-Excel '     
 NGO               
  
    ,    ,       
     
,         -
   , ,      !
󼨐󼨑󼨒 ()     -    
              
        - , , , , ,  
  
  
,     :
"         80        90% 
  ?"
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹       
 !
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   ?
        '           

 ,         :

 
   SQL 
󹺊     :
1.     
2.  >   >       
3.   ,     :
o  > 80
o  > 90%
4.     
   !
2.
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬            
󼨻󼨼 -  :
   
     5000   
   2015 
       ,   
    ? 
! 
         
" ,        !"   
󼪭󼪮󼪯󼪰󼪱󼪲󼪳󼪴󼪵󼪶󼪷󼪸󼪹 ()    -    
   
                

-            :
 10
   
     
   
     : 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   ?
              
      -    
         
󹺊     :
1.     
2.  >  '  
3.       
4.  ""   '      
5. !           (  
)
  , ,     -         ' 
2.
󷏹󷏺󷏻󷏼 - :
      
     ,      
,       
  ,  :

      ,
        
 
 =  ,       
               !
󺮛󺮗󺮜󺮝󺮗󺮘󺮙󺮚󺮞󺮟 (c) -  -   
   
    :
"
   -  
      50      
?     '   ?"
   
   
 -      -    
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 -   ?
-             
           
     :
  
 
 
󼩣󼩤󼩥󼩦󼩧󼩨󼩩   - :
1.  
2.  
3.  
2.
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀     :
 :
   :
  =    ×   
      ₹2,00,000     :
" ₹2,00,000         ?"
1.    > -  >  
2.    ₹2,00,000 '  
3.        
4.   
    !
 :
     :
 
 

              -
   
 :
         ₹100  ₹500   -   

            -  !
󼨻󼨼 - :
        
     ,
"   90%    ,         85%
      ?"     "-"    
            
- =  +  + 
2.
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫 (d)   -   
 ,       -      
       :
   
      
     

      
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   ?
            '        -
    
󹲣󼩪󼩫󼩬󼩭󼩲󼩳󼩮󼩯󼩰󼩱   :
1.   - A  Z  Z  A
2.   -           
3.   -     
  
4.   - 
    
󹺊     :
1.   
2.  >  ' 
3. :
o  A  Z   
o          
             ' - 
   
2.
󼨻󼨼 - :
 
            ?
    ,       ,      

      -  -     
󷕘󷕙󷕚  :     
 -      !
    ,   :
    
    
     
-        
      
     :
",      
 -      !"
"               

       ,         "